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["JNCC Report 780: Setting biodiversity monitoring objectives - Annex 3 Decisional Tool"]
[]
[null,"This spreadsheet is a decisional tool designed to assist you in developing your biodiversity monitoring objectives. When using this tool, navigate through the different tabs labeled \"What,\" \"How,\" \"When,\" \"Where,\" and \"Why\". After reading the different descriptions, select a choice for your objective in the green cells. You can use each tab independently and in any order. The final tab, \"Summary,\" provides an overview of your decisions across the different tabs and highlights the main points of your monitoring objectives. Your objective needs to be clear and succint, try to remember OITT (Outcome, Indicator, Target and Timeframe/Location) (Figure to the right). For more information, see JNCC Report 780 [https://hub.jncc.gov.uk/assets/f592f2bc-ab02-4acd-a615-90d5fe9c9069] and short guide  [https://hub.jncc.gov.uk/assets/f592f2bc-ab02-4acd-a615-90d5fe9c9069#jncc-report-780-annex-2-quick-reference.pdf]"]

{"sheet":"Why","index":1,"n_rows":20,"n_cols":9,"rows_kept":20,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[2,0,2,16],[0,0,1,8]]}
["Why the monitoring is needed. There are many reasons to monitor biodiversity, and this needs to be understood to ensure that the objective is useful"]
[]
[]
["Instruction","Your choice ",null,"Options","Description","Pros","Cons","Why you should select this option?","Point to consider for decision?"]
["After reading rows 5 to 12 select in B5 -> ","When is environmental change occurring and is the rate of change increasing or decreasing?",null,"What is the status of biodiversity? ","To understand if biodiversity can be improved, is improving, or is not improving, you can compare current data to prior knowledge about the area's biodiversity or to biodiversity in other similar areas.","It is often used to assess intervention needs, follow trends, or communicate with policy makers","This is a broad aim that would need to be refined. For example, why is it important to know the status?","You want to understand the status of biodiversity without prior knowledge or to compare it to different areas","What would you do once you know the status of the biodiversity? What are your criteria for decision-making?"]
["Optional, select second option ->",null,null,"What is the impact of an action or intervention on biodiversity? ","Assessing biodiversity before and after an intervention aimed at improving biodiversity status.","Direct assessment of conservation action to inform policy makers, conservation agency etc can be used to assess if reaching conservation target","The impact of conservation can take a long time to be observed","You have a special interest in monitoring conservation action ","What would be consider as a successful intervention vs a non success ?"]
["Optional, select more option ->",null,null,"What elements within the environment are changing?","To understand which part of the biodiversity or of the environment is changing but without necesserary focusing on the directionnality of the change (see below)","Allow long term monitoring that capture slow ecological process such as tree regeneration","It is a broad objective. It might be not targetted enough to capture some changes ","You have a broad interest in changes without specific prior assumption about directionnality of the changes (see below)","What elements of the environment you are interested in monitoring? "]
["Optional, select more option ->",null,null,"What is the direction and magnitude of that change? ","To understand if biodiversity and the environment condition is improving or is being degraded","Focusing on the direction and the magnitude of a change can help assess the importance of the change (e.g., whether action is urgently required)","Assessing direction and magnitude can take a long time and requires large sampling effort. It is also highly variable depending on the species monitored","You are interested in the change but also want to assess how important the change is and what direction the change is","What are your hypotheses about the directionality and magnitude of the change?"]
["Optional, select more option ->",null,null,"Where is environmental change occurring in the landscape?","This focuses on the location of the change, and where the change is happening in order to focus monitoring at specific place","Identify areas where changes are occuring can allow targetted actions for improving biodiversity and environment condition","Defining the area to monitor can be restricred by access to private land, or country boundaries. Different species require monitoring at different spatial scales, and some habitats span over geopolitical borders.","You have an interest in a specific area in which you want to take action to improve biodiversity and the environment but you want to know inisde this area where are the changes occuring","Focusing on the where can be easily expended to very large area, so you need to have a sub area of interest, or the monitoring might be unrealistic "]
["Optional, select more option ->",null,null,"When is environmental change occurring and is the rate of change increasing or decreasing?","This focuses on the temporal aspect of the change such as yearly, monthly, seasonally etc. Capturing the temporal aspect allows to compute the rate of change ","Allow to understand if changes are dependent of some time period, but also to monitor long and short term changes","Definining monitoring periods can be challenging and vary for each species.","You have an interest about the temporal aspect of the changes","When your monitoring will occur, how would you ensure the data collection and stoarage over long period of time"]
["Optional, select more option ->",null,null,"What is the cause of the environmental change we are observing? ","This focuses on the reason underpinning the change by identifying the different drivers of change","Identifying drivers of change enables action to mitigate their impacts","Drivers can be multiple and can act in synergy. Identifying the impact of individual drivers can be analytically challenging. Monitoring drivers of changes can be difficult (e.g., pollution)","You have previous knowledge about changes to the environment, but you do not know why the change is occuring ","Do you already know how your environment is changing? "]
["Optional, select more option ->",null,null,"What action can be taken to ameliorate deleterious change and/or encourage positive change? ","This focuses on the levers of change and helps understand which action is the most appropriate to help with nature recovery","Identifing conservation actions helps with the overall improvement of nature and is often identified as the main aim of monitoring ","Various actions are available depending on the changes identified and monitoring their impact can be a long-term process","You already have an understanding of the envrionmental changes but want to investigate the different levers and actions that can be taken","Can the actions monitored be implemented permently? Is there any restriction to consider (e.g., finance?)"]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"More information: "]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/brv.12636"]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2011.02314.x"]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"https://www.cbd.int/gbf/targets"]

{"sheet":"What","index":2,"n_rows":29,"n_cols":10,"rows_kept":29,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[0,0,0,8]]}
["What is going to be monitored? Decide whether to focus on monitoring species or habitats. If species, decide whether to monitor single or multiple species."]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,"Options","Description","Pros","Cons","Why should you select this option?","Points to consider for decision?","More information"]
["Instruction","Your choice",null,"Level 1: Species vs habitat"]
["After reading rows 6 to 8, select one option in B6","Ecosystem Habitat",null,"Species ","Species monitoring involves regularly and systematically gathering data to track changes in birds, mammals, amphibians, invertebrates and/or plant populations. Species can be identified at various taxonomic levels or based on different ecological roles. It might be necessary to group species by genus, family, or habitat affiliation"," Species monitoring is well-suited for examining how specific taxa are changing spatially and temporally, as well as their responses to drivers, impacts and pressures","It doesn't monitor the whole ecosystem. Some species (e.g., tree, large mammals) responses to intervention or stress might be slow","You have pre-existing knowledge about (a) species ecology. Depending on the species, this can be cost effective. It is more accessible to different knowledge than habitat monitoring ","Which species would you record? At which taxonomic levels of differents ecological functions. Why these species specifically? At which spatial and temporal scales?","https://jncc.gov.uk/our-work/citizen-science-survey-methods-and-tools/"]
[null,null,null,"Ecosystem Habitat","Habitat monitoring aims to describe and understand habitat condition (quality) and extent (quantity)","Holistic understanding of the ecosystem responses. Quick responses to pressures and drivers. Can be easily applied to large spatio-temporal scales ","Can be hard to monitor at different spatial scales. Requires more pre-existing knowledge on data analysis (e.g. remote sensing) ","You want to understand ecological changes hollistically and potentially at large/broad spatial scales ","What will be the spatial extent? Which part of the habitat is being monitored?","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10531-008-9395-3"]
[null,null,null,"Both","Species monitoring and habitat monitoring together aim to understand their relationship or have an hollistic understanding of the changes","It is well-suited to understand species responses to habitats changes due to intervention and environmental changes. Allows hollistic understanding ","It can be challenging to set monitoring for habitat and species at the same time as well as to make the link between the different species and habitat data.","You want to monitor both species and habitat to understand the link between habitat and species detection. Monitoring only species or habitat won't allow you to answer your specific question ","See consideration points for species and habitats but also how the link between species and habitat will be done?","https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/28080/1/1001914.pdf#page=88"]
["Instruction",null,null,"Level 2 a Single vs multi species"]
["If in B6 you have selected species or both, read rows 10 and 11 and select an option in B10, if not go to B13",null,null,"Single species","Monitoring a species to obtain information about their abundance, distribution and occupancy ","It is easier to monitor one species than multiple. cost effective. most species monitoring techniques are well documented","Doesn't capture the full ecosystem functioning, or responses to stress and pressures","If you want to analyse a particular species requirement  or if you are limited in time/budget and want to use an indicator species ","Would monitoring this species in isolation provide enough information to answer the project question?"]
[null,null,null,"Multi-species","Monitoring multiple species to obtain information about their abundance, distribution and occupancy ","Provides more information about the ecosystem health, stressors/pressures and drivers. ","Depending on the method used, can require more sampling effort. Interpretation of data can be more intensive/difficult without expert knowledge","If you think monitoring one species won't be able to capture the ecological process you want to highlight","Do I have the methodological capacity to survey multiple species? If so, which species should I monitor? "]
["Instruction",null,null,"Level 2 b Habitat monitoring"]
["If in B6, you have selected \"habitat\" or \"both\",  read row 13 and 14 and select one option in B13. If not, go to B10 ",null,null,"Composition in space and time","Monitoring habitat condition (quality) to understand trends within a habitat  by assessing vegetation community composition and structure at stationary sampling units ","Provide information about habitat quality which can influence the rest of the ecosystem","Can be hard to assess habitat composition and overall quality. At small spatial scale, survey need to be done on the ground as EO might not capture fine resolution","If you are interested in habitat quality and its changes at different spatio-temporal scales","What is a high quality habitat in your context?","https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/28080/1/1001914.pdf#page=88"]
["Optional, select a second option in ->",null,null,"Structure and spatial aspect ","Monitoring spatial distribution and dynamics of the habitats by looking specifically at metrics such as land cover, landscape heterogeneity or connectivity","Some of the data on habitat structure and spatial aspect can be obtain by earth observation limiting the need to have people on the ground (reducing cost and potential impact of survey). Can be used at different spatial and temporal scale to assess changes.","Potentially intense data analysis of remote sensing and GIS data that might require specific knowledge to analyse them","If you are interested in understanding habitat changes at medium to large spatial scales with a focus on quantity rather than quality ","Do I have the capacity and knowledge to analyse potentially large datasets? "]
["Instruction",null,null,"Level 3 a: Which species "]
["If in B6, you have selected \"species\", read rows 16 to 20 and  select one option in B16. If not, go to next page ",null,null,"Bird ","Monitoring  bird species","Good knowledge about bird ecology and historical records available. Some species are good indicator of changes. Different birds can be monitored depending on the different habitat. They are widely spread and popular amongst citizen scientists","There are many different species that can be monitored so choosing the right bird to monitor for the right purpose might necessitate expert knowledge. Some species can be hard to monitor due to low populations. Short-term intervention impact might not be captured when monitoring birds. ","You know which bird is the most appropriate for your purpose. You have a long term understanding of trends.","Which bird to monitor? How rare is this species? ","https://www.bto.org/ ; https://www.rspb.org.uk/"]
["Optional, select second option ->",null,null,"Amphibians","Monitoring  amphibian species","Good indicators of environmental changes. Their number/abundance can provide insight about the ecosystem health, especially in  freshwater environments.","Less overall ecological knowledge than other species such as bird and also less common which make them hard to monitore","If you are interested in understanding changes that are closely related to freshwater habitats","Do I have the ecological knowledge about amphibians? ","https://monitoring.arc-trust.org/"]
["Optional, select more option ->",null,null,"Mammals ","Monitoring  mammal species","Mammals are considered an umbrella and keystones species (i.e., their conservation is important to protect other species and habitat). Thus, monitoring mammals can provide insights about the rest of the ecosystem","Mammals in the UK are very heterogenous (different size, home range, status), thus the monitoring method, spatio-temporal scales and previous knowledge about mammals can be highly diverse. They have a long life cycle which means they might be slower than other species (e.g insects) to repond to changes. ","Monitoring mammals can be effective way to engage with different stakeholders as mammals such as deer or hedgehods are charasmatic and interest the public. ","How will the selection of mammal species influence the method and spatio-temporal scales? Do you have the knowledge to use these specific methods, and resources to cover these scales? ","https://mammal.org.uk/ https://hub.jncc.gov.uk/assets/485b119e-ccb9-479f-b181-0904e212b434"]
["Optional, select more option ->",null,null,"Invertebrates ","Monitoring  invertebrate species","Short life history means that they can be used to understand short term impact of interventions. They are easy to collect and survey protocols can be easily adapted to different constraints. They are the foundation of different ecological process in the environment such as pollination, soil health etc.","Invertebrates species are numerous and their identification can be difficult for non-experts. Invertebrates populations can change dramatically across space and time, thus monitoring invertebrates at large spatial scales might be challenging or require large sampling effort. ","Particularly relevant if you are interested in monitoring short-term changes such as changes to the environment following intervention, changes in pressures and stressors","Do you have knowledge about invertebrate populations? Which invertebrate species would you focus on? E.g., soil invertebrate, pollinators, butterflies","https://hub.jncc.gov.uk/assets/80873e1e-63eb-44a0-925c-b5edec5fa3fd     https://www.gov.uk/guidance/invertebrates-advice-for-making-planning-decisions      https://ukpoms.org.uk/"]
["Optional, select more option ->",null,null,"Plants ","Monitoring  plant species","Direct link with habitat monitoring. Many plants have short life cycles and thus are useful to monitor short-term changes. They are also at the base of the ecosystem and thus monitoring their health can reveal larger ecological process at the community level. Their monitoring is facilated by their sessileness. ","Most plant short life span is also a disadvantage as monitoring needs to occur at the right time and right place. Some plant identification can be challenging and takes years to reach a good level of identification skill.","You want to understand rapid ecological changes. Monitoring plants can inform early warning signs of drought, herbivory pressure, carbon sequestration potential, and net primary productivity","Are you available to monitor at the right time? Do you have knowledge about plant identification?","https://www.npms.org.uk/"]
["Instruction",null,null,"Level 3 b: Metrics"]
["After reading rows 22 and 23, select your metric in B22->",null,null,"Abundance ","The total sum of individuals from a given species for a specific location","Monitoring through time provides insight on population trends and changes (i.e., improvement, decline)","Monitoring abundance is more challenging than monitoring simple metrics such as presence and absence as it requires large sampling effort, larger area of interest and might not be adapted to elusive species. It doesn’t inform on species' space use.","Will be appropriate for: (i) understanding endangered species’ population status, (ii) understanding the drivers of change in the targeted population, (iii) tracking species trends over time to identify trends","What is the location for which the abundance will be estimated? Over what time period?"]
[null,null,null,"Distribution and occupancy","Describe where species can be found. Monitoring objectives that focus on distribution will be interested in investigating species' use of space and identifying critical habitat characteristics associated with species occurrence.","Monitoring distribution can help in understanding the influence of environmental and anthropogenic stressors on species. It can help in planning interventions by identifying species presence.","Not the most appropriate tool to understand population changes over time. Although spatial distribution over time due to an intervention plan can be useful. Data analysis can be more complicated to account for detectability and can be challenging to apply to rare and/or elusive species.","You are interested in the species' use of space and the different factors that influence it.","How do you account for false negative detection? "]
[null,null,null,"Species richness and or assembly","Species richness is the number of species in a community. Species diversity includes a measure of the number of species in a community, and a measure of the abundance of each species.","Different index can be used depending on the aim through either alpha, beta, or gamma diversity (see report)","Species richness can be defined at different spatial scales which might be challenging to clearly define ","You have an interest in having an overall understanding of the various species in an area and might want to compare this to a different area. ","Which index will be used for which spatial scale? ","https://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/characterizing-communities-13241173/  "]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Overall information"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"https://jncc.gov.uk/our-work/citizen-science-survey-methods-and-tools/"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"https://jncc.gov.uk/our-work/citizen-science-survey-methods-and-tools/"]

{"sheet":"How","index":3,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":10,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[0,0,0,8]]}
["How the monitoring will be done"]
[]
[]
["Instruction",null,null,"Options","Description","Pros","Cons","Why should you select this option?","Points to consider for decision?","More information"]
["After reading rows 5 to 7, select one option in B5",null,null,"Field surveys (direct observation, camera trapping, biotelemetry tracking, acoustic monitoring, environmental DNA)","This involves collecting information directly from the area of interest using different monitoring methods.","Control of different protocols to obtain inferences. This can be used at a fine spatial scale and can be designed to fit and be tailored to the project’s aims.","It can be resource-intensive (financial, time, surveyors). Prior knowledge is required to set up adequate monitoring.","There is a need to understand changes at fine spatio-temporal scales. ","Do you have the resources to perform this type of monitoring? Which field survey method will be used? Is it the most appropriate method for the selected species? (See tab \"what\")","https://jncc.gov.uk/our-work/citizen-science-survey-methods-and-tools/"]
[null,null,null,"Satellite imagery (panchromatic or colour imagery, multispectral imaging, laser scanning, and radar imaging)","Use information obtained from analysing satellite imagery to draw inferences about the ecosystem or habitat of interest.","Cost-effective and capable of monitoring at large spatio-temporal scales.","Requires data processing knowledge. Currently not suitable for obtaining fine-scale information. Not the most appropriate for monitoring species and habitat conditions. ","If you are interested in monitoring habitat at medium or large spatial scales, specifically habitat extent and connectivity.","Will satellite imagery provide the level of information you require (granularity)? Which Earth Observation method is the most appropriate?","https://jncc.gov.uk/monitoring/earth-observation/"]
[null,null,null,"Data processing (open-access libraries, GIS, mapping and modelling)","Using pre-existing data, collected in previous survey or accessible openly to obtain inference about the system ","Cost- and time-effective. Multiple types of information can be gathered and collated to obtain a more holistic understanding of the system. May exist over longer term.","Limited by the available data, which might not meet the monitoring needs. Data preparation will likely be needed to meet your needs which takes time.","If you are on a tight budget and do not have much time to collect your own data, consider using previously collected data if it can answer your question without losing information.","Do you have enough information available to answer your question? If data processing is necessary. Do you have the required abilities/skills needed to perform the analysis?","https://data.jncc.gov.uk/data/4d9d85e4-a09e-48e3-9ff2-af8a4a373078/jncc-report-710.pdf"]

{"sheet":"Where","index":4,"n_rows":8,"n_cols":10,"rows_kept":8,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[]}
["Where the monitoring will be made? Specify spatial scales, considering factors such as land permissions, stakeholder interests, defined boundaries and budget and time constraints"]
[]
[]
["Instruction","Your choice ",null,"Options","Description","Pros","Cons","Why you should select this option?","Point to consider for decision?","More information"]
["After reading rows 5 to 7 select in B5 ",null,null,"Site-based","A small spatial scale, where targeted monitoring is used (e.g., a single wetland or a forest patch).","Monitoring at site-based scale allows for a comprehensive understanding of an ecosystem. Metrics measured are likely to be highly representative of reality, and on-ground monitoring is more time efficient.","Species flow at large spatial scales might not be fully considered. Depending on the species studied, movement between sites may occur.","If you have a monitoring area in mind due to funding, policy interest, or the spatial range of the species being investigated.","Will this spatial scale capture the different variations in the species or habitat?","https://data.jncc.gov.uk/data/13297db4-eb2f-40e4-8dbf-82864a4cc148/jncc-report-758.pdf - https://jncc.gov.uk/our-work/information-and-resources-for-local-monitoring/"]
[null,null,null,"Landscape based","Larger than site-based scale, ranging from several square kilometres to large areas spanning multiple countries (e.g. an entire catchment area, an agricultural landscape, an urban area)","Provides a holistic understanding of ecosystem processes while being a manageable scale for monitoring most species and habitats.","It might be too large a scale for some species (e.g., small mammals) or too small for others (e.g., migratory birds).","If the habitat or species you are interested in monitoring has a home range that spans a larger area than a site, monitoring at a site-based scale may not capture the ecological processes of interest.","How to limit your spatial scale to have it not too large (regional scale) but also that you can capture the ecological process of interest?"]
[null,null,null,"Regional","Refers to large but sub-national areas (e.g. a biome, an ecoregion, or a political entity)","Achieving a holistic understanding of the ecological processes occurring across different landscapes provides a broad view of these processes.","Large spatial data can be more challenging to analyse due to landscape heterogeneity. Conclusions about ecological processes may be difficult to identify because of this heterogeneity and potential dillution effects.","Large policy-driven areas (e.g., the UK, Europe) or species with large spatial ranges (e.g., migratory birds).","How will the different data be analysed at this large spatial scale?","https://data.jncc.gov.uk/data/13297db4-eb2f-40e4-8dbf-82864a4cc148/jncc-report-758.pdf"]
[null,null,null,"Multiscale","Monitoring more than one scale described above","Can help understand ecological process occuring at different and across scales for a more holistic understanding","Sampling design is normally targeted at one scale and is driven by local priorities. It can be hard to define monitoring priorities across scales","The ecological process you are interested in monitoring occurs across different scales. You may require a large sampling size.","Consider the interoperability between monitoring across intiviatives and scale. Which analytical techniques will be used to capture different changes across scales?","https://hub.jncc.gov.uk/assets/145a3536-acae-4fad-8242-85b52cfe8c05"]

{"sheet":"When","index":5,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":9,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[2,3,2,19]]}
["When/for how long the monitoring will occur? Specify the temporal aspect of the monitoring by considering factors such as budget and time constraints, and seasonality of target indicators"]
[]
[]
["Instruction","Your choice ",null,"Options","Description","Pros","Cons","Why you should select this option?","Point to consider for decision?"]
["After reading rows 5 to 7, select in B5",null,null,"Short-term","Monitoring that will last less than 5 years","Obtain quick answers about an ecological process such as the impact of an intervention; Easier to fund and support than longer term monitoring ","This timescale might not capture long term change in the ecosystem, especially for species with long life cycles (e.g., tree)","You want a quick answer to understand the impact of intervention or ecosystem changes, or conduct a baseline assessment","Would this time be long enough to capture the ecological process? What is the life cycle of the species/habitat you are monitoring?"]
[null,null,null,"Medium-term","Monitoring that will last between 5 and 10 years","This time scale should capture changes in the ecosystem without the constraint of long term data management ","It doesn’t provide a quick answer as the short term monitoring period","You are looking at a trade off between short term and long term monitoring (i.e., you want a monitoring that would allow to get output from your monitoring but you also want to monitor species/habitat with long life cycle","Would this time be long enough to capture the ecological processes? For example, tree regeneration can be a long process that require long term monitoring to be capture"]
[null,null,null,"Long-term","Monitoring that will last more than 10 years","Allow to obtain population trends to capture different ecological changes over long period of time","Can be challenging to manage and run monitoring over multiple years/decades especially as more expensive and difficult in keeping people motivated","You have a long-term plan such as nature recovery. You are interested in species/habitats that have a long life cycle and thus need to monitore at long term temporal scale","Which kind of infrastructure is available to store, analyse and collect data on such long-term scales"]

{"sheet":"Summary of selection","index":6,"n_rows":26,"n_cols":3,"rows_kept":26,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[4,0,8,0]]}
["Summary of your selection. Your objective need to be a clear and consice objective that respect the OITT framework (see figure)."]
[]
[]
["Categories","Sub-categories","Your monitoring objective is: "]
["What?","Level 1: Species vs habitat",{"$f":"IF(What!$B$6<>\"\",What!$B$6,\"\")","v":"Ecosystem Habitat"}]
[null,"Level 2 a Single vs multi species monitoring",{"$f":"IF(What!$B$10<>\"\",What!$B$10,\"\")","v":""}]
[null,"Level 2 b Habitat monitoring",{"$f":"IF(What!$B$13<>\"\",What!$B$13&\" \"&What!$B$14,\"\")","v":""}]
[null,"Level 3 a: Which species ",{"$f":"IF(What!$B$16<>\"\",What!$B$16&\" \"&What!$B$17&\" \"&What!$B$18&\" \"&What!$B$19&\" \"&What!$B$20,\"\")","v":""}]
[null,"Level 3 b: Metrics",{"$f":"IF(What!$B$22<>\"\",What!$B$22,\"\")","v":""}]
["How?",null,{"$f":"IF(How!$B$5<>\"\",How!$B$5,\"\")","v":""}]
["Where?",null,{"$f":"IF(Where!$B$5<>\"\",Where!$B$5,\"\")","v":""}]
["When?",null,{"$f":"IF(When!$B$5<>\"\",When!$B$5,\"\")","v":""}]
["Why?"]
[]
[null,null,{"$f":"IF(AND(Why!$B7<>\"\",$C14<>\"\"),Why!$B7,\"\")","v":""}]
[null,null,{"$f":"IF(AND(Why!$B8<>\"\",$C15<>\"\"),Why!$B8,\"\")","v":""}]
[null,null,{"$f":"IF(AND(Why!$B9<>\"\",$C16<>\"\"),Why!$B9,\"\")","v":""}]
[null,null,{"$f":"IF(AND(Why!$B10<>\"\",$C17<>\"\"),Why!$B10,\"\")","v":""}]
[null,null,{"$f":"IF(AND(Why!$B11<>\"\",$C18<>\"\"),Why!$B11,\"\")","v":""}]
[null,null,{"$f":"IF(AND(Why!$B12<>\"\",$C19<>\"\"),Why!$B12,\"\")","v":""}]
[null,null,{"$f":"IF(AND(Why!$I13<>\"\",$C20<>\"\"),Why!$I13,\"\")","v":""}]
[null,null,{"$f":"IF(AND(Why!$I14<>\"\",$C21<>\"\"),Why!$I14,\"\")","v":""}]
[null,null,{"$f":"IF(AND(Why!$I15<>\"\",$C22<>\"\"),Why!$I15,\"\")","v":""}]
[null,null,{"$f":"IF(AND(Why!$I16<>\"\",$C23<>\"\"),Why!$I16,\"\")","v":""}]
[null,null,{"$f":"IF(AND(Why!$I17<>\"\",$C24<>\"\"),Why!$I17,\"\")","v":""}]
[null,null,{"$f":"IF(AND(Why!$I18<>\"\",$C25<>\"\"),Why!$I18,\"\")","v":""}]